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MCT OIL AND BULLETPROOF COFFEE

MCT OIL AND BULLETPROOF COFFEE

Medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil is used as a fat source in the ketogenic diet known as the MCT ketogenic diet (MCTKD). MCT is produces more ketones than the long chain fatty acids (LCFA), However, it’s efficacy can be improved when taken with caffeine so our Keto chef Saritha came up with  ‘Bullet proof coffee’ recipe modified from the internet. Bullet proof coffee is a Keto friendly coffee and its combination of MCT and caffeine, both of which have ketogenic effect.

What are MCTs and how are they different from LCFAs?

MCT and LCFA absorption pathway

NutritonReview.org-April 22, 2013

In the 1960s, it was discovered that MCTs produce more ketones per unit of energy than normal dietary fats (which are mostly LCFAs). Fats varying in fatty acid chain lengths are metabolized differently. The absorption of MCTs containing 6–12 carbon fatty acids, differ from LCFA which are fatty acids with more than 12 carbons. MCTs are absorbed directly into the portal circulation and transported to the liver for rapid oxidation. ( Babayan, V. K. 1987) LCFAs, however, are transported via chylomicrons into the lymphatic system, allowing for extensive uptake into adipose tissue. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that the rapid metabolism of MCT may increase energy expenditure (EE), decrease their deposition into adipose tissue and result in faster satiety. (ST-Onge et al., 2002)

MCT AND KETONE BODIES:-

Unlike  LCFAs, MCTs are not stored in adult adipose tissue, but preferentially converted in the liver to the ketone bodies (KBs) beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB; technically not a KB because it does not have a keto molecular group) and acetoacetate (AcAc). The process of producing KBs is known as ketogenesis. MCTs are stored in infant adipose tissue, to provide energy to infants in-between milk feeding. Mammalian milks are rich sources of MCTs, so having fat stores with MCTs is an evolutionary advantage. (Sarda, P., et al., 1987) These KBs are metabolised for energy very efficiently (following extra-hepatic mitochondrial degradation) in a process known as ketolysis, in the heart, kidney, central nervous system (brain) and skeletal muscle.

KBs are particularly valuable energy sources when the body has limited carbohydrate stores (as in sustained exercise or after a fast), with KBs able to provide: 2% of the body’s energy requirements after an overnight fast; and 30% after a 3-day fast (50% of basal energy requirements and 70% of brain energy. (White, H. and B. Venkatesh,2011) MCTs increase plasma KBs for at least 8 hours after MCT intake (Seaton, T.B., et al.,1986) MCTs will also spare protein degradation during sports and aging (reducing sarcopenia), and may improve insulin sensitivity, amongst many other physiological benefits

TYPICAL FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF OIL PRODUCTS (MCT, COCONUT, PALM, C8)


Photo source: globalhealthlab.com

Influence of chain length in MCTs and benefits of C8 MCTs:

There are four different types of MCTs:-

Caproic acid (C6)

Caprylic acid (C8)

Capric acid (C10)

Lauric acid (C12)

Sources of MCTs: Despite popular belief, coconut oil is not a good ketogenic fat as it contains only 10-15% true C8 and C10 MCTs, and 45-78 percent of C12 (lauric acid), which is metabolized like  LCFAs.

MCTs are naturally abundant in mammalian milk such as those from humans, cows, goats, sheep, horses, mice and rats. MCTs are particularly abundant in goat’s milk and caproic (C6), caprylic (C8), and C10 (capric) are named after the goat (caprines). (Breckenridge, W.C et al,(1967); Smith, S.et al.,(1968); Markiewicz-Kęszycka, M., et al.,(2014)

Photo Source:-  Perfect Keto

Tetrick, M.A et al, 2010 showed that blood levels of KBs were considerably highest with C8 relative to C10 after 1-3 hours in baby rhesus monkeys in whom C8 and C10 MCTs were compared. Recent clinical work presented at the 25th Canadian Conference on Fats and Oils in 2015, shows that C8 was more ketogenic than MCTs containing mixtures of C8 and C10, and much more ketogenic than coconut oil in healthy adults.  C8 MCTs have been particularly beneficial for improving cognition (Cunnane, S 2015 and Pierotti, T., et al., 2015) C10. MCT is probably more beneficial in control of epilepsy ( P. Chang et al; 2016)

ROLE OF CAFFEINE IN FORMATION OF KETONE BODIES:

Vandenberghe C et al., (2017) observed that caffeine is of interest as a potential ketogenic agent owing to its actions on lipolysis and lipid oxidation but whether it is ketogenic in humans is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the acute ketogenic effect of 2 doses of caffeine (2.5; 5.0 mg/kg) in 10 healthy adults. Caffeine given at breakfast significantly stimulated ketone production in a dose-dependent manner (+88%; +116%) and also raised plasma free fatty acids. Whether caffeine has long-term ketogenic effects or could enhance the ketogenic effect of MCTs remains to be determined.

How does caffeine (coffee) help in lipolysis and lipid oxidation:-

Caffeine from coffee or other beverages is absorbed by the small intestine within 45 minutes of ingestion and distributed throughout all bodily tissues. (Liguori A et al.1997) Peak blood concentration is reached within 1–2 hours. (Blanchard et al.,1983) Coffee contains several useful compounds, primarily caffeine. Caffeine is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme system, in particular, by the CYP1A2 isozyme, into three dimethylxanthines, namely paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline. (“Caffeine”. Retrieved 25 October 2010.(Website article))  Only paraxantine increases lipolysis leading to elevated glycerol and free fatty acid levels in blood plasma.

BULLETPROOF COFFEE

Ingredients:-

Freshly brewed coffee decoction – 1 cup (250 ml)

Unsalted butter- 30 g

MCT oil- 15 ml

Erythritol powder or Stevia or Sugar free Natura or sugar Free Green pellets (powder it and use it)- 3 tsp

Equipment required:-

A stick blender / or a hand mixer

A steel vessel with tall sides or a large plastic jug

Method of preparation:-

  1. Method of Preparation of freshly brewed medium strength coffee decoction:

Firstly, take a coffee filter (2 cylindrical vessel -bottom one for collecting brewed coffee decoction and the top one with perforated holes for adding ground coffee powder, pressing disk and a lid.

Add in 2 tbsp of filter coffee powder into perforated vessel & Press tight with the help of pressing disk.

Boil 300 ml of water and pour slowly into the top vessel covering almost full.

Cover it and rest for 15 minutes without disturbing.

After 15 minutes, the decoction would have collected at the bottom of vessel.

2. Take around 1 cup (250 ml) of freshly brewed medium strength coffee decoction (using a filter coffee powder) in a vessel with tall sides.

3. To this add 30 g of unsalted cooking butter (Amul/ Milky mist) prescribed amount of MCT oil and the sweetener to this.

4. Using your stick blender, nicely blend the ingredients till you get a nice creamy frothy cup of coffee

As mentioned above MCT oil and Caffeine can both be converted to KBs so if combined will have enhanced efficacy. So bullet proof coffee gives our patients an easy and delicious way to consume MCT oil.

References:-

  1. Babayan VK. Medium chain triglycerides and structured lipids. Lipids. 1987 Jun;22(6):417-20.
  2. St-Onge MP et al. Physiological effects of medium-chain triglycerides: potential agents in the prevention of obesity. J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):329-32.
  3. Sarda, P., et al., Storage of medium-chain triglycerides in adipose tissue of orally fed infants. Am J Clin Nutr, 1987. 45(2): p. 399-405.
  4. White, H. and B. Venkatesh, Clinical review: ketones and brain injury. Crit Care, 2011. 15(2): p. 219.
  5. Seaton, T.B., et al., Thermic effect of medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides in man. Am J Clin Nutr, 1986. 44(5): p. 630-4.
  6. Tetrick, M.A., F.R. Greer, and N.J. Benevenga, Blood D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations after oral administration of trioctanoin, trinonanoin, or tridecanoin to newborn rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Comp Med, 2010. 60(6): p. 486-90.
  7. Cunnane, S., The ketogenic effect of medium chain triglycerides: potential to meet the energy demands of the aging brain. Keynote presentation, 25th Canadian Conference on Fats and Oils, October 4- 6, 2015, Hotel Delta Quebec, Canada, 2015.
  8. Pierotti, T., et al., A comparison of the plasma ketone response to coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides supplements. 25th Canadian Conference on Fats and Oils, October 4- 6, 2015, Hotel Delta Quebec, Canada, 2015.
  9. Breckenridge, W.C. and A. Kuksis, Molecular weight distributions of milk fat triglycerides from seven species. J Lipid Res, 1967. 8(5): p. 473-8.
  10. Smith, S., R. Watts, and R. Dils, Quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of rodent milk triglycerides. J Lipid Res, 1968. 9(1): p. 52-7.
  11. Markiewicz-Kęszycka, M., et al., Concentration of selected fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and β-carotene in late lactation mares’ milk. International Dairy Journal, 2014. 38(1): p. 31-36.
  12. P. Chang et al. Seizure control by decanoic acid through direct AMPA receptor inhibition. BRAIN 2016: 139; 431–443.
  13. Vandenberghe C et al. Caffeine intake increases plasma ketones: an acute metabolic study in humans. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017 Apr;95(4):455-458.
  14. Liguori A, Hughes JR, Grass JA (November 1997). “Absorption and subjective effects of caffeine from coffee, cola and capsules”. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 58 (3): 721–6. doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(97)00003-8. PMID 9329065.
  15. Blanchard, J.; Sawers, S. J. A. (1983). “The absolute bioavailability of caffeine in man”. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 24 (1): 93–98. doi:10.1007/bf00613933. ISSN 0031-6970.
  16. “Caffeine”. The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base. Retrieved 25 October 2010.(Website article)
  17. Welsh EJ, Bara A, Barley E, Cates CJ (January 2010). Welsh EJ, ed. “Caffeine for asthma”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD001112. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001112.pub2. PMID 20091514.